Similar results were observed with depression. During post-switch, both were significantly predicted by maternal anxiety, after controlling for pre-switch neurophysiology. The two earliest occurring components (i.e., the N1 and P2) differed across blocks. Three electrophysiological components linked to different information processing stages were identified. Mothers provided antenatal (26 weeks) and postnatal (2 years) anxiety and depressive symptomatology data, respectively via the “State Trait Anxiety Questionnaire” and the “Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale.” Offspring provided electrophysiological data, obtained while they indicated the emotional expression of actors whose facial expressions remained consistent throughout a pre-switch block, but were reversed at “post-switch.” Results The sample consisted of a subset of 71 mothers and their 3 year old children taking part in the prospective birth cohort, GUSTO. We ask whether anxiety symptoms predict neurophysiology, and consider timing specificity (26-weeks antenatal or 24-months postnatal), form of insult (anxiety symptoms, per se, or also depression symptoms), and offspring gender. However, electrophysiological investigations of maternal anxiety and preschoolers’ brain functioning are lacking. The preschool years represent an important time for brain development, and so may be a window for intervention. It quite lifts the spirits.Antenatal maternal anxiety is a risk for offspring psychological and cognitive difficulties. I highly recommend it to anyone who is lying on a hospital bed. “Yes, through a morphine haze, one can still feel that musk of white truffle very easily. Later, an Italian chef friend sent white truffle risotto to his hospital ward. When he was wheeled into intensive care his wife brought sushi. He was told by the doctors that having a cheerful state of mind would actually make the surgery more effective: “It helps if you’re chirpy, apparently.”įor joy, he had food. But I still slightly feel nervous with pans and sharp knives and flame.” “I’m 100 times, 200 times better than I was. The operation “stopped me being the human windmill,” he says, although he is not yet ready to return to cooking full time. Batteries send electrical pulses to the brain, reducing symptoms. Last year he underwent surgery to receive Deep Brain Stimulation, a treatment for Parkinson’s and other brain disorders involving implanting electrodes in his head. The degenerative neurological condition causes uncontrolled movements which drove him out of the kitchen. The gastronomic possibilities of a pig go way beyond the pork chop.”Īt a time when British chefs were importing flavours and techniques from around the world, Henderson found his at home, using seasonal ingredients grown locally.īut just when it seemed that he was at the top of his game, Henderson was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. Once you’ve knocked it on the head it’s only common courtesy to eat it all,” he says. “It always just seemed sort of common sense to me to use the whole beast. He calls his philosophy “nose to tail eating”: serving parts that butchers normally throw away. It is precisely that enthusiastic matter-of-factness with body parts that has made Henderson one of the most influential chefs of his generation.Ī decade ago Henderson, now 44, revolutionised British cuisine by opening St John in a disused former smokehouse with whitewashed brick walls around the corner from London’s Smithfield meat market. “And there’s the moment when the surgeon says, ‘I just want to cut into the membrane on the brain. “The worst is when they sort of had to make that hole a bit bigger, so you get a sort of eek eek eek,” he says.
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